A Web-Based Digital Module for Underhand Volleyball Serve Learning in High School Physical Education

Faries Vebriansyah; Rufi’i Rufi’i; Reza Rachmadtullah

doi:10.35445/alishlah.v18i2.9704

A Web-Based Digital Module for Underhand Volleyball Serve Learning in High School Physical Education

Faries Vebriansyah, Rufi’i Rufi’i, Reza Rachmadtullah

Abstract

Learning motor skills is a primary objective of Physical Education, yet students often experience difficulties mastering the underhand volleyball serve because of limited practice time, large class sizes, and insufficient individualized feedback. Web-based learning resources may help address these challenges by providing flexible access to instructional materials and practice guidance.This study aimed to develop and evaluate a web-based digital module for underhand volleyball serve learning in high school Physical Education. A Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) was employed. The module was developed using Google Sites and included instructional content, demonstration videos, guided practice activities, and evaluation tasks. Validation was conducted by subject-matter and media experts using Aiken’s V. Practicality was assessed through student response questionnaires, while preliminary effectiveness was examined using a one-group pretest–posttest design involving 50 Grade XI students.Expert evaluation indicated high validity, with Aiken’s V values of 0.88 for content and 0.90 for media aspects. Student responses demonstrated high practicality, yielding an average score of 91%. The mean underhand serve performance score increased from 61.10 on the pretest to 84.40 on the posttest. The average N-gain score was 0.60, indicating a moderate level of improvement, and 84% of students achieved the learning mastery criterion.The web-based digital module demonstrated strong validity, high practicality, and promising preliminary effectiveness in supporting underhand volleyball serve learning. The module can serve as a supplementary resource for blended Physical Education instruction. Further research employing control groups and retention measures is recommended to strengthen evidence of effectiveness and long-term learning outcomes.

Keywords

web-based module; underhand volleyball serves; physical education; motor skill learning; blended learning

References

Apidogo, J. B., Burdack, J., & Schöllhorn, W. I. (2021). Repetition without repetition or differential learning of multiple techniques in volleyball? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910499

Apidogo, J. B., Burdack, J., & Schöllhorn, W. I. (2022). Learning multiple movements in parallel-accurately and in random order, or each with added noise? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(17), 10960. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710960

Astuti, Y. (2023). Development of volleyball learning practice media based on Kvisoft Flipbook Maker. Hong Kong Journal of Social Sciences, 61. https://doi.org/10.55463/hkjss.issn.1021-3619.61.21

Atienza, J. (2024). Assessment of online teaching for skill-based topics in online Physical Education classes. Com Soc Dev J, 25(3), 58-69. https://doi.org/10.57260/csdj.2024.268440

Canepa, P., Sbragi, A., Saino, F., Biggio, M., Bove, M., & Bisio, A. (2020). Thinking before doing: A pilot study on the application of motor imagery as a learning method during Physical Education lesson in high school. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 2. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2020.550744

Chi, J. (2022). Research on hybrid teaching model based on human-machine collaboration. BCP Education & Psychology, 5, 19-24. https://doi.org/10.54691/bcpep.v5i.1568

Destriana, D., Destriani, D., Victorian, A. R., & Anggraini, P. (2023). Is there a need instrument volleyball underhand serve using artificial intelligence? Bravo's Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Jasmani dan Kesehatan, 11(4), 399. https://doi.org/10.32682/bravos.v11i4.3345

Destriani, D., Destriana, D., Victorian, A. R., Solahuddin, S., & Alfarandi, R. (2023). Implementation of d'Volleyball learning application in junior high schools to improve student's learning outcomes. Journal of Science and Education (JSE), 4(1), 48-57. https://doi.org/10.56003/jse.v4i1.281

Dewanti, G., Nopembri, S., Widiyanto, W., & Hartanto, A. (2024). Development of blended learning based learning module: Benefits to Physical Education learning outcomes. Fiz Pol, 24(1), 12-17. https://doi.org/10.56984/8zg2ef83c3

Fauzi, F., Guntur, G., Majid, N. C., Qowiyyuridho, G., & Sabillah, M. I. (2024). Development of learning assessment of smash and service techniques in volleyball. Fiz Pol, 24(2), 231-241. https://doi.org/10.56984/8zg5608rn9

Harris, D., Vine, S. J., Wilson, M., McGrath, J., Lebel, M.-E., & Buckingham, G. (2018). Action observation for sensorimotor learning in surgery. British Journal of Surgery, 105(13), 1713-1720. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.10991

Hendri, M., Rasmi, D. P., & Ananda, W. (2021). Analysis of the needs of developing teaching materials in the form of STEM-based web modules using scaffolding. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 7(SpecialIssue), 139-144. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v7ispecialissue.1019

Karunamoorthy, R., Mazalan, N. S., & Khairudin, K. F. (2024). Boosting physical fitness in primary school students with learning disabilities: A conceptual framework design. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 13(4). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarped/v13-i4/23665

Kasih, I., Faridah, E., Widianingsih, O., Sinulingga, A., & Amirzan. (2023). Improving volleyball competence: E-module-based volleyball learning media innovation. Edu Sportivo Indonesian Journal of Physical Education, 4(3), 283-296. https://doi.org/10.25299/esijope.2023.vol4(3).14437

Kordi, H., Mohamadi, J., & Ghotbi, M. (2013). Teaching of new sport skill to weightlifters: Problem in performance and motor learning. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 8(4), 996-1007. https://doi.org/10.4100/jhse.2013.84.10

Mohamed, E. F., & Abdel-bary, A. (2021). Effectiveness of an educational strategy on performance level of underhand serve in volleyball under COVID-19 precautionary measures. The International Scientific Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 0(0), 0. https://doi.org/10.21608/isjpes.2021.72107.1048

Mone, R. (2026). Hubungan kekuatan otot lengan terhadap keterampilan servis bawah pada permainan bola voli siswa SMK Negeri 3 Kota Kupang. Indo-Mathedu Intellectuals Journal, 7(1), 1747-1753. https://doi.org/10.54373/imeij.v6i7.5118

Pratama, K. W., Widodo, A., Irianto, D. P., Graha, A. S., Yudanto, Y., Hardianto, D., Sutapa, P., Karakauki, M., Ali, S. K. S., & Kristiyanto, A. (2024). The personalized system of e-modul instructions in Physical Education online learning. Retos, 56, 319-327. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v56.103515

Putra, M., Abadi, M., Khatami, M. I., Emily, N., & Antika, N. (2025). A modified game approach to improving the learning outcomes of students in Physical Education volleyball instruction. Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani (JPJ), 6(1), 23-30. https://doi.org/10.55081/jpj.v6i1.3936

Putri, I., Pinangkaan, E. A., & Kumenap, E. E. (2025). Pengaruh gaya mengajar latihan terhadap gerak dasar pada servis bawah dalam permainan bola voli peserta didik kelas VIII SMP Negeri 3 Tondano. Praba, 3(1), 86-95. https://doi.org/10.62027/praba.v3i1.340

Qu, L., Xiao, W., Zhang, S., Wang, K., & Li, H. (2025). Contextual interference effects on volleyball serve acquisition: A controlled trial with Physical-Education majors. Frontiers in Psychology, 16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1635207

Saad, N. T. M., Sabturani, N., Budull, C. R., Ahing, T., Talip, N. K. A., & Majeed, H. A. (2020). Acute effect between verbal instruction and video modelling on underhand volleyball serve among novice volleyball players. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(11). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v10-i11/7732

Telaumbanua, Y., Helmi, B., Aditya, R., Sihombing, H., & Nugroho, A. (2022). Analysis of volleyball service learning outcomes through inclusive teaching style. ACPES Journal of Physical Education Sport and Health (AJPESH), 2(2), 139-142. https://doi.org/10.15294/ajpesh.v2i2.62484

Ugrinowitsch, H., Matos, C., Neves, T. F., Lage, G. M., Ribeiro-Silva, P. C., & Cruz, M. P. (2019). Constant and random practice on learning of volleyball serve. Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, 20(6), 598-606. https://doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2018v20n6p598

Yulianti, M., Jatra, R., Apriani, L., Wati, R., Subagyo, S., & Sujarwo, S. (2024). Survey of volleyball underhand serve and underarm of students at SMP Negeri 1 Siak Hulu. Kinestetik Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Jasmani, 8(1), 14-21. https://doi.org/10.33369/jk.v8i1.30759

DOI: https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v18i2.9704