Making Peace With History: Post-Conflict Teachers’ Experiences In Aceh

Muhammad Munadi; Rosalia Sari

doi:10.35445/alishlah.v14i3.2036

Making Peace With History: Post-Conflict Teachers’ Experiences In Aceh

Muhammad Munadi, Rosalia Sari

Abstract

This research aimed to determine the implementation of peace education through history subjects and the development of historical materials for the development of national unity and peace. The research used the descriptive qualitative research method. The research subjects were teachers of history and students of class XII IPA 2 MAN 1 Banda Aceh. The research informants were teachers of non-history subjects and the principal of MAN 1 Banda Aceh. The validity of this research data used triangulation. The data analysis used the Miles and Huberman model: data reduction, data display, and conclusion verification data. The results showed that peace education through history learning was not carried out in classrooms but made use of the Aceh Peace Memorial Room. This room made it easier for students to directly access the events of the Aceh conflict and the peace process. This condition made it easier for students to directly understand the material on Overcoming the Threat of National Disintegration and its relation to peace in Aceh. In the early stages, the students toured the Aceh peace memorial room. They saw photos of Aceh's conflict and peace journey. After the tour, they continued to see two movies about ‘Weaving Peace in Aceh’ and ‘Sustainability and Example of Aceh Peace’. Students reflected on these three activities by writing articles themed Aceh Peace Strengthens National Integration. The results of this paper were recorded as student work entitled ‘Aceh Peace Strengthens National Integration’ in which there were subtitles from student groups.

Keywords

peace education, history, integration, literacy, Aceh

Full Text:

PDF

References

Aakre, B. M. (2021). Didactica 2021 Education for Peace. Didactica, 2(1), 1–19. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348809103_Peace_Education?enrichId=rgreq-1d468a7fe80b8a250c4144b57585bf4f-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzM0ODgwOTEwMztBUzoxMDIxMTkzMTg4NTQ4NjA4QDE2MjA0ODI4MzcyMDc%3D&el=1_x_2&_esc=publicationCoverPdf

Abdilla, A., Sariyatun, S., Joebagio, H., & Warto, W. (2019). The Concept of Peace Education with Dialogic Teaching Approach in History Learning. Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 1st Seminar and Workshop on Research Design, for Education, Social Science, Arts, and Humanities, SEWORD FRESSH 2019, April 27 2019, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia, January. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.27-4-2019.2286805

Adryamarthanino, V. (2021, August 2). Gerakan Aceh Merdeka: Latar Belakang, Perkembangan, dan Penyelesaian. Kompas. https://www.kompas.com/stori/read/2021/08/02/130000979/gerakan-aceh-merdeka--latar-belakang-perkembangan-dan-penyelesaian?page=all

Agnihotri, S. (2017). Critical Reflection on the Role of Education as a Catalyst of Peace-building and Peaceful Coexistence. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 5(6), 911–917. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2017.050601

Alpargu, M., Sahin, E., & Yazici, S. (2009). Teaching History and Its Contribution to Peace. International Journal of Social Inquiry, 2(2), 199–214. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/164142

Ariyanto Azis, A. (2017). The Contribution of Post-Conflict Education to Social Transformation and Sustainable Development. Global South Review, 2(1), 63. https://doi.org/10.22146/globalsouth.28853

Askerov, A. (2010). PEACE EDUCATION AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION: A CRITICAL REVIEW. Innovative Issues and Approaches in Social Sciences, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.12959/issn.1855-0541.IIASS-2010-no1-art01

Bajaj, M. (2019). Conceptualising critical peace education for conflict settings. Education and Conflict Review, 2, 65–69.

Brantmeier, E. J., Richardson, J. W., Xharra, B., & Brantmeier, N. K. (2020). From Head to Hand to Global Community: Social Media, Digital Diplomacy, and Post-conflict Peacebuilding in Kosovo. In Social Media as a Space for Peace Education (pp. 61–81). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50949-1_4

Bretherton, D., Weston, J., & Zbar, V. (2003). Peace Education In A Post-Conflict Environment: The Case Of Sierra Leone. Prospects, XXXIII(2), 219–230. https://doi.org/http:/https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023651031633

Brooks, C. (2021). The importance of peace education. Swiss Peace. https://www.swisspeace.ch/apropos/the-importance-of-peace-education/

Cabezudo, A., & Haavelsrud, M. (2013). Rethinking Peace Education. Journal of Conflictology, 4(1), 3–13. https://doi.org/10.7238/joc.v4i1.1521

Carter, C. C. (2015). Social Education for Peace. In Social Education for Peace. Palgrave Macmillan US. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137534057

Carter, C. C., & Pickett, L. (2014). Youth Literature for Peace Education. In Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 6(11), 951–952. Palgrave Macmillan US. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137359377

Cole, E. A. (2007). Transitional Justice and the Reform of History Education. International Journal of Transitional Justice, 1(1), 115–137. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijtj/ijm003

Danesh, H. B. (2006). Towards an integrative theory of peace education. Journal of Peace Education, 3(1), 55–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/17400200500532151

Davies, L. (2016). The Politics of Peace Education in Post-Conflict Countries. In Building Sustainable Peace (Issue 32). https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198757276.003.0011

Emkic, E. (2018). Reconciliation and Education in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Vol. 13). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73034-9

Guimarães-Iosif, R., & Shultz, L. (2015). Overcoming school violence: challenges and potential of UNESCO associated schools in Brazil, Canada and Mozambique. Interacções, 11(38), 225–244. https://doi.org/10.25755/int.8499

Hadi Santosa, F., Raka Al Chuza Adnan Kadar, & Siti Almaesaroh. (2021). Pendidikan Perdamaian dalam Pembelajaran Sejarah di SMA Jakarta. Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah, 10(1), 22–34. https://doi.org/10.21009/jps.101.02

INEE. (2013). Conflict Sensitive Education. http://www.ineesite.org/en/resources/inee-guidance-note-on-conflict-sensitive-education

Johnson, D., & Kalmthout, E. van. (2006). Editorial. In Forced Migration Review Education and conflict: research, policy and practice (pp. 1–32). Refugee Studies Center. https://www.fmreview.org/sites/fmr/files/FMRdownloads/en/FMRpdfs/EducationSupplement/full.pdf

Jung, J., & Oh, D. L. (2019). A Study on the Meaning of Peace Education through Narratives of Peace Education Activists. Journal of Education for International Understanding, 14(2), 97–137. https://doi.org/10.35179/jeiu.2019.14.2.97

Kitala, D. (2020). Peace education: A key driver of change in Africa. GPE Transforming Education. https://www.globalpartnership.org/blog/peace-education-key-driver-change-africa

Lopes Cardozo, M. T. A., & Shah, R. (2016). ‘The fruit caught between two stones’: the conflicted position of teachers within Aceh’s independence struggle†. Globalisation, Societies and Education, 14(3), 331–344. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767724.2016.1145572

Manuchehr, T. N. (2011). Education right of children during war and armed conflicts. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15(1989), 302–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.03.090

Mastuti, S. (2001). Konflik vertikal di Aceh : studi kasus Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (1976-1982) [Universitas Indonesia]. https://library.ui.ac.id/detail?id=71530

McGlynn, C., Zembylas, M., Bekerman, Z., & Gallagher, T. (2009). Peace education in conflict and post-conflict societies : comparative perspectives. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-62042-1

Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: a methods sourcebook (Third Edit). Sage Publication.

Mishra, L. (2012). Confict Resoulation and Peace education. Scolarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies, 1(3), 688–694.

Mishra, L. (2021). Peace education in secondary schools of Mizoram. Conflict Resolution Quarterly, 38(4), 323–333. https://doi.org/10.1002/crq.21311

Misra, K. S. (2020). Peace Education: A Challenge for Educators. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research, 2(2), 9–14.

Mukherjee, M. (2021). Peace Education. GJRA - Global Journal For Research Analysis, 10(3), 2277–8160. https://doi.org/10.36106/gjra

Nevarro-Castro, L., & Nario-Galace, J. (2010). Peace education: a pathway to a culture of peace. In Center for Peace Education Miriam College.

Page, J. S. (2000). Can History Teach Us Peace? Peace Review, 12(3), 441–448. https://doi.org/10.1080/713689703

Pena, J. C. (2018). Education in Post-Conflict Colombia. https://repository.usfca.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2138&context=thes

Prasetyo, I. G., & Sugihono, M. (2015). Resolusi Konflik Aceh Dipandang dengan Perspektif Teori Kritis [Universitas Gadjah Mada]. http://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/penelitian/detail/81281

Rafiie, S. A. K., Husn, A., & Atah, S. (2017). Acehnese Wars And Learning From 12 Years Of Peace In Aceh. Analisa Journal of Social Science and Religion, 2(2), 161–181. https://blasemarang.kemenag.go.id/journal/index.php/analisa/article/view/565/314

Santosa, F. H., Adnan Kadar, R. A. C., & Almaesaroh, S. (2021). Pendidikan Perdamaian dalam Pembelajaran Sejarah di SMA Jakarta. Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah, 10(1), 22–34. https://doi.org/10.21009/jps.101.02

Shah, R., & Cardozo, M. T. A. L. (2014). Education and social change in post-conflict and post-disaster Aceh , Indonesia (Issue August).

Sindhi, S. (2016). Teachers: Agents of Peace Building in the Conflict Zones. Global Campaign for Peace Education. https://www.peace-ed-campaign.org/teachers-agents-peace-building-conflict-zones/

Snauwaert, D. T. (2020). The peace education imperative: a democratic rationale for peace education as a civic duty. Journal of Peace Education, 17(1), 48–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/17400201.2020.1713068

Suadi, Saifuddin, & Fadli. (2018). Incorporating peace education into Aqidah Akhlak subject in east Aceh. Emerald Reach Proceedings Series, 1, 467–472. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78756-793-1-00013

Subramanian, A. (2016). Teaching-Learning Approaches and Strategies in Peace Education. IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies (ISSN 2455–2526), 3(3), 353–359. https://doi.org/10.21013/jems.v3.n3.p9

Traveria, G. T. (2013). History teaching and peace education in a time of crisis. Institut Català Internacional per La Pau: Policy Paper, 9(09), 1–6. http://icip.gencat.cat/web/.content/continguts/publicacions/policypapers/2013/arxius/policy_paper_09_eng.pdf

Verma, R. (2017). Critical Peace Education and Global Citizenship. In Critical Peace Education and Global Citizenship. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315625782

Wedge, J. (2008). Where Peace Begins. In Education.

Wells, L. (2002). Islamic Peace Education In Aceh. Nuclear Age Peace Foundation. https://www.wagingpeace.org/islamic-peace-education-in-aceh/

Zainal, S., Yunus, S., & Jalil, F. A. (2020). Direct integration of peace education and its effects on students’ understanding of peace. Talent Development and Excellence, 12(1), 2112–2120.

Zainal, Suadi. (2016). Post-Conflict Peace Education to Build Sustainable Positive Peace in Aceh. Proceedings of AICS - Social Sciences, 6(0), 399–404. http://www.jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/AICS-Social/article/view/10805

Zainal, Suadi, Yunus, S., & Jalil, F. (2019). Post-conflict peace education in the public schools of East Aceh, Indonesia. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 9(5), 325–337.

Zainal, Suadi, Yunus, S., & Jalil, F. (2021). Peace Education at Secondary School: a Learning Model in Aceh, Indonesia. Ejournal Association of International Business and Professional Management (AIBPM). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32535/jicp.v2i1.494

Zembylas, M., & Loukaidis, L. (2021). Affective practices, difficult histories and peace education: An analysis of teachers’ affective dilemmas in ethnically divided Cyprus. Teaching and Teacher Education, 97(xxxx). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2020.103225

DOI: https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v14i3.2036