The Effectiveness of a STEAM-Integrated Project-Based Learning Model for Teaching Motorcycle CVT Diagnostics in Vocational Schools

Authors

  • Adek Irawan Universitas Lancang Kuning, Indonesia
  • Nurliana Nasution Universitas Lancang Kuning, Indonesia
  • Rizki Novendra Universitas Lancang Kuning, Indonesia
  • Yogo Turnandes Universitas Lancang Kuning, Indonesia
  • Budi Cahya Universitas Lancang Kuning, Indonesia
  • Nurli Indra Sari Universitas Lancang Kuning, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v18i1.9456

Keywords:

project-based learning, STEAM education, vocational automotive education, continuously variable transmission (CVT), diagnostic skills

Abstract

This study examines the effectiveness of integrating Project-Based Learning (PBL) with a STEAM approach to enhance students’ conceptual understanding and diagnostic skills in continuous variable transmission (CVT) systems within vocational education. A quasi-experimental design was employed involving 34 Grade XII students from the Motorcycle Engineering program at SMK Negeri 4 Rambah, Indonesia. Participants were divided into an experimental group receiving PBL-STEAM instruction and a control group receiving traditional teaching. Data were collected through posttests and analyzed using N-gain, independent samples t-tests, and effect size (Cohen’s d). The experimental group achieved a higher mean posttest score in conceptual understanding (84.24) compared to the control group (74.00). The N-gain for the experimental group was 0.68 (high), while the control group showed 0.28 (low). Diagnostic skills also improved significantly, with mean scores of 90.00 (experimental) and 76.00 (control). Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between groups (p < 0.05). Effect sizes were large (d = 1.77 for conceptual understanding; d = 2.68 for diagnostic skills). The findings indicate that the PBL-STEAM approach substantially improves both conceptual mastery and diagnostic skills. This model aligns well with vocational education objectives and supports the development of competencies relevant to industry demands.

Author Biography

Adek Irawan, Universitas Lancang Kuning

Guru PNS SMK

References

Farman, F., Chyan, P., Sarwandi, S., Evitasari, A. D., Dayu, D. P. K., Gradini, E., ... & Andartiani, K. (2025). Inovasi dalam Pembelajaran Abad 21. Penerbit Mifandi Mandiri Digital, 1(02).

Asnur, L., Weriza, J., & Putri, M. F. (2025). The Effectiveness of a Vlog-Integrated Project-Based Learning Model on Culinary Arts Learning Achievement. 7(2), 109–118.

Ayu, H. D., Alfianda, F. V., Sabrina, F., Prameswari, I., Putri, A. N., & Hudha, M. N. (2024). Systematic literature review : Project-based learning terintegrasi dengan STEM Systematic literature review : Project-based learning integrated with STEM. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Evaluasi Pendidikan, 11(2), 89–106.

García-llamas, P., Taboada, A., Sanz-chumillas, P., Lopes, L., & Alvarez, R. B. (2025). International Journal of Educational Research Open Breaking barriers in STEAM education : Analyzing competence acquisition through project-based learning in a European context. 8(November 2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2025.100449

Hergisa, R. (2025). Teaching Methods and Creativity in Vocational Education : A Case Study of SMK Negeri 3 Bandung. 3(2).

Indahwati, S. D., Rachmadiarti, F., & Hariyono, E. (2023). Integration of PJBL , STEAM , and Learning Tool Development in Improving Students ’ Critical Thinking Skills. IJORER : International Journal of Recent Educational Research, 4(6), 808–818.

Megayanti. (2020). Project-based learning efficacy in vocational education : Literature review. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/830/4/042075

Mota, F. B., Cabral, B. P., Amara, L., Braga, M., & Lopes, R. M. (2024). Mapping the global research on project-based learning : a bibliometric and network analysis.

Muharam, R. S., Afrilia, U. A., Studi, P., Keuangan, A., Vokasi, S., Padjadjaran, U., … Policy, E. (2025). Revitalisasi Pendidikan Vokasi Berbasis Kebutuhan Industri 4 . 0 : Implikasi Kebijakan Pendidikan di Daerah Sub-Urban. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran, 4(3), 425–436. https://doi.org/10.54259/diajar.v4i3.4440

Paramita, W., & Fitria, Y. (2025). The Influence of PjBL- Based STEAM Approach on Students ’ High Order Thinking Skills. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(8), 1201–1205. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i8.11824

Pratiwi, M., Pramudibyo, S., Arafat, M. Y., Umara, A. M., Teknik, F., & Gorontalo, U. N. (2024). EVALUASI MODUL PRAKTIKUM BERBASIS PROBLEM BASED LEARNING PADA ALAT PERAGA CONTINOUSLY VARIABLE. Jambura JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION, 3(2), 1–8.

Rahim, B., Ambiyar, A., Waskito, W., Fortuna, A., Prasetya, F., Andriani, C., … Salman, A. (2024). Effectiveness of Project-Based Learning in Metal Welding Technology Course with STEAM Approach in Vocational Education. TEM Journal, 13(2), 1481–1492. https://doi.org/10.18421/TEM132

Rahmawati, Y. (2021). The integration of STEAM-project-based learning to train students critical thinking skills in science learning through electrical bell project The integration of STEAM-project-based learning to train students critical thinking skills in science learning t. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2098/1/012040

Sigit, D. V. (2022). Integration of Project-Based E-Learning with STEAM : An Innovative Solution to Learn Ecological Concept. International Journal of Instruction, 15(3), 23–40.

Suhartadi, S., Mindarta, E. K., Pratama, Y. R., Yuhana, T., Handayani, D. B., Sultan, M., & Nugroho, D. (2024). Development of Continuous Variable Transmission ( CVT ) E-Jobsheet on Motorcycle Chassis Maintenance for Class XII TBSM Students SMK N 11 Malang. Atlantis Press SARL. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-198-2

Supianti, I. I., Yaniawati, P., Bonyah, E., Hasbiah, A. W., & Rozalini, N. (2025). STEAM approach in project-based learning to develop mathematical literacy and students’ character. Journal of Mathematics Education, 14(2), 283–302.

Surti, G. A., Sudira, P., Mutohhari, F., & Suyitno, S. (2022). Project-Based Learning with STEM Approach in Automotive Engineering : A Study of Increasing Students ’ 21st Century Skills. JURNAL PENDIDIKAN DAN PENGAJARAN, 55, 299–312.

Vijayalakshmi, M., Patil, P., & Karikatti, G. (2022). Effective Assessment Strategies for Project-Based Learning. Journal of Engineering Education Transformations, (36), 154–160.

Zhang, L. (2023). A study of the impact of project-based learning on student learning effects : a meta-analysis study. Frontiers in Psychology, (July), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1202728

Downloads

Published

2026-03-28

How to Cite

Irawan, A., Nasution, N., Novendra, R., Turnandes, Y., Cahya, B., & Sari, N. I. (2026). The Effectiveness of a STEAM-Integrated Project-Based Learning Model for Teaching Motorcycle CVT Diagnostics in Vocational Schools. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 18(1), 434–443. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v18i1.9456

Issue

Vol. 18 No. 1 (2026): MARCH 2026

Section

Articles

Citation Check

License

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.